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Monday, September 4, 2017

Ubuntu 16 10 Available For Download See What s New

Ubuntu 16.10 (Yakkety Yak) has been released. The new version ships with Unity bug fixes, updated applications, including the GNOME 3.20 stack, an alternative experimental Unity 8 session, along with various under-the-hood improvements.

Unity / Compiz changes in Ubuntu 16.10

Unity and Compiz changes in Ubuntu 16.10 (Yakkety Yak):

low graphics mode improvements:

reduced animations in the window switcher, launcher and menus (in some cases to zero);
disabled blur and fade in/out;
reduced shadows;
Also, even if youre not using the low graphics mode, theres now an option to to skip animation in the Expo, Scale, and Show Desktop Compiz plugins;
More about the improved low graphics mode in Unity 7, HERE.

bottom launcher:

properly decorate launcher/panel when the launcher is at the bottom;
Expo and Scale Compiz plugins now support buttom offsets, fixing some issues that were occuring when the Unity launcher is used at the bottom of the screen, such as the Workspace Switcher icon switching workspaces;

the top panel and launcher now have an outline in spread mode;
middle-clicking an app icon in the switcher now closes the app window
properly partially unmaximize a window when middle/left clicking in the restore button on the Unity panel;
scrolling on indicators should now work when Expo is active;
HiDPI fixes: the switcher detail view is now properly scaled and the xy_offset is now also scaled to make sure the switcher and launcher dont overlap;
re-added Animations Experimental, Animations Plus, Simple Animations, and Animations Addon Compiz plugins (these are available with the "compiz-plugins" package, not installed by default);
various other improvements and bug fixes.

Complete changelogs for Unity and Compiz.

Its important to mention that most of these changes were backported to Ubuntu 16.04 already.

Also, with Ubuntu 16.10, graphical desktop sessions (including Unity) are ran by systemd instead of Upstart (more about this, HERE). systemd was already used for system sessions in previous Ubuntu releases.

Another change in Ubuntu 16.10 (Yakkety Yak) is the addition of an Unity 8 session by default. The new Unity 8 session is optional, and Unity7 is still used by default. If you want to try the Unity 8 session in Ubuntu 16.10, select "Unity8" from the login screen:

The Unity 8 session runs on top of the Mir display server, and is especially designed for Ubuntu Phones and Tablets. It is currently considered experimental on desktops and lacks many features to actually be usable for everyday use. For instance, besides requiring quite a bit of work pretty much everywhere, there are only a couple of apps installed by default (a web browser and terminal), applications (and scopes) can only be installed from the command line, and so on.

Furthermore, Unity 8 will only work if youre using Intel or Nvidia open source drivers. Also, VirtualBox is not supported, but there are reports that at least at some point in the past, it did work in VMWare.

Here are a couple of Unity 8 session screenshots I took under Ubuntu 16.10:

Update: for more about the Unity 8 session in Ubuntu 16.10, see THIS article (includes installing more scopes and apps, etc.).

Ubuntu 16.10 Defaults

Ubuntu 16.10 (Yakkety Yak) ships with GNOME 3.20 (and GTK 3.20), mixed with quite a few GNOME 3.22 applications.

Changes in GNOME 3.20 include:

a shortcuts window was added to some GNOME applications (apps that support this include Files, Videos, etc. );
Files (Nautilus) uses revamped search filters, a faster and more responsive search, a new, more compact preferences dialog, and more;
dconf Editor now uses a header bar, with a standard search design, redesigned entry editor, and other improvements;
GTK+ CSS theming has had a major overhaul, which should result in easier theme writing and more dynamic interfaces;

The Nautilus changes mentioned above only cover the 3.20 release. The previous Files (Nautilus) version in Ubuntu was 3.14 and since then, the app has seen many other changes.

Among these changes are a reworked places sidebar, a new popover for changing between views, zoom level and sort order, folder creation and file/folder renaming now uses popovers, the copy/move dialog is now integrated as a button in the Files header bar, and more.

Files (Nautilus) 3.20.3 search filters in Ubuntu 16.10

Shortcuts window Ubuntu 16.10 Yakkety Yak

A shortcuts window (for Files) in GNOME 3.20, under Ubuntu 16.10

For a complete GNOME 3.20 overview, see THIS page.

Among the default applications in Ubuntu 16.10 are: Nautilus 3.20.3, Gedit 3.22, Firefox 49, Thunderbird 45.3, LibreOffice 5.2.2 (with the GTK3 integration package now installed by default), Transmission 2.92, Shotwell 0.22.0 (+ Git), Rhythmbox 3.4.1, Totem 3.22, GNOME Terminal 3.20.2, GNOME Disks 3.22, and GNOME Software 3.20.1 (+ Git).

Under the hood, Ubuntu 16.10 (Yakkety Yak) ships with Mesa 12.0.3, Xorg server 1.18.4, Ubuntu Linux Kernel 4.8.0-22.24 based on the upstream 4.8 Linux Kernel, PulseAudio 9.0, and systemd 231 (+ Git).

Heres a very short (but youll also find links for more information) list of changes in the Linux Kernel since the version used in the previous Ubuntu release (Ubuntu 16.04 uses Linux 4.4 by default):

Linux 4.5 (more information: KernelNewbies | Phoronix):

experimental PowePlay support for the amdgpu driver for discrete GPUs Tonga and Fiji, and integrated APUs Carrizo and Stoney;
initial i915 DRM graphics support for Kabylake hardware;

Linux 4.6 (more information: KernelNewbies | Phoronix):

initial acceleration support for NVIDIA GeForce GTX 900 Maxwell (Nouveau driver);
support for runtime power management of the AHCI controllers;
Dell and Alienware laptop support improvements;

Linux 4.7 (more information: KernelNewbies | Phoronix):

Microsoft Xbox One Elite Controller support;
new "schedutil" governor for the CPUFreq scaling driver;
Nouveau now has Nvidia GM108 Maxwell support;

Linux 4.8 (more information: KernelNewbies | Phoronix):

initial NVIDIA Pascal support for Nouveau;
amdgpu OverDrive support, allowing overclicking AMD GPUs using the open source driver;
Broadcom BCM2837 SoC support (this is used by the Raspberry Pi 3);
Microsoft Surface 3 touch-screen support.

Download Ubuntu 16.10 (Yakkety Yak)

Download Ubuntu 16.10 | official release notes (includes instructions for upgrading from Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and other download links)

Important: all non-LTS Ubuntu versions are only supported for 9 months. Ubuntu 16.10 will be supported until July 2017.

Official release notes and download links for Ubuntu 16.10 desktop flavors:

Kubuntu: release notes | download
Ubuntu MATE: release notes | download
Xubuntu: release notes | download
Lubuntu: release notes | download
Ubuntu GNOME
Ubuntu Studio
Ubuntu Kylin

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Ubuntu MATE 15 10 – See Whats New

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Unable to see the LOGIN Screen after Startup

After unexpected shutdown, I wasnt able to view my login screen after startup in Ubuntu.This problem occured due to some errors in your display manager. So, in order to solve this problem, we need to change the display manager. Follow the below steps in order to solve this issue.

If you are also facing the same problem , following is the solution.

1. Go to Advanced options for Ubuntu.

Fig. 1

2. Select the recovery mode.

Fig. 2

3.Select the root option from the recovery menu.

Fig. 3

4.After selecting the root option you will get the command line. Enter the following commands:

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

After running the above command you may get either the fig. 5 screen or fig. 4 screen followed by screen 5.

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Here you will be shown different display manager. You can choose any default display manager. So if your previous manager was gdm you can choose lightdm.

Now one more issue you can face when you select lightdm or any of the display manager.

If you get the following error run the following command else restart the system:

"Read-only file system error while selecting any of the display manager."

For that, you can run the following command :

$ mount -o remount /

and then again run the following command:

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

5.And then run the exit command. Restart the system. You will get the login screen.

6. Now one more issue may arise: It may be possible that you get the login screen but you may not be able to login into your system. It may be possible even after entering the correct username and password you get only the login screen. For that you need to follow the below steps:

Press Ctrl+Alt+F3 and login into the shell.
Now run ls -lah. If in the output the line
-rw------- 1 root root 53 Nov 29 10:19 .Xauthority
then you need to do chown username:username .Xauthority and try logging in.
Else, do ls -ld /tmp. Check for the first 10 letters in the left: they should read exactly so: drwxrwxrwt.
drwxrwxrwt 15 root root 4096 Nov 30 04:17 /tmp
Else, you need to do sudo chmod a+wt /tmp and check again.
If not both, Id recommend you either

dpkg-reconfigure lightdm
or uninstall, reinstall it.

Now press Alt+-> until you reach the login screen again, and restart.

In case if you need any assistance just put up the comment and I will look into it.

References:
http://askubuntu.com/questions/223501/ubuntu-gets-stuck-in-a-login-loop
http://askubuntu.com/questions/139491/how-to-i-change-from-gdm-to-lightdm

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Ubuntu 15 04 Available For Download See What s New

Ubuntu 15.04 (Vivid Vervet) was released today and it brings updated applications, various small Unity improvements including an option to always show the menus, along with numerous bug fixes.

Under the hood, the most important change is the replacement of upstart with systemd as the default init system.

Lets take a look at whats new in Ubuntu 15.04 Desktop!

Also see whats new in: Ubuntu MATE 15.04 and the other Ubuntu flavors.

Changes in Ubuntu 15.04 Desktop (Vivid Vervet)

With Ubuntu 15.04, Unity has received a minor for some, yet important change, requested ever since Unity was first introduced on the Ubuntu desktop: an option to disable the Unity menu autohide (called "always-show-menus"). This feature works with both the AppMenu (global menu), displayed on the top Unity panel as well as LIM (locally integrated menu), displayed in the window titlebar:

The "always show menu" option is not enabled by default and you wont find it in System Settings though. To use it, you must install dconf-editor and use this tool to navigate to com > canonical > unity - here you should find the "always show menus" option:

Furthermore, LIM was tweaked and it now allows accessing the menus of unfocused windows, a feature that wasnt available until now. Thanks to this, you can directly open the menu of an unfocused window by clicking on it, without having to firstly focus the window. If you dont like this behavior, you can disable it via Dconf Editor: com > canonical > unity > integrated-menus > unfocused-windows-popup.

Its important to mention that the "always show menus" feature was already backported to Ubuntu 14.04 so if youre using Trusty, you can enable it as explained above, as long as youve installed the latest Unity update.

Those are not the only menu changes in Ubuntu 15.04 (Vivid Vervet)! Thanks to JAyatana, which is now installed by default, Java Swing applications now support the Unity AppMenu and HUD:

This feature wasnt backported to Ubuntu 14.04 but you can install JAyatana by using a PPA.

Other Unity and Compiz changes include:

Dash, HUD and the logout dialogs now work over fullscreen windows;
tweaks to animations for faster startup and shutdown experiences;
fixes for various problems that occur with the nVidia proprietary driver (mostly blank or black windows);
many bug fixes and small improvements.

I should also mention that LIM was set as the default menu type in Ubuntu 15.04 Vivid Vervet back in February but this change was reverted with just three days before the final Ubuntu 15.04 release.

Another visual change in Ubuntu 15.04 was made to the default GTK themes (Ambiance and Radiance), which provide better client side decoration (also known as header bars) app integration, along with other tweaks:

Unfortunately client side decoration apps dont have any shadows under Unity and at least on my system, theres an nasty visual bug caused by overlay scrollbars which makes CSD apps pretty much unusable.

And finally, heres the new Ubuntu 15.04 default wallpaper:

As for under the hood changes, the most important is the replacement of upstart with systemd as the default init system. While Ubuntu 15.04 boots with systemd by default, theres an option in GRUB to boot with upstart:

This option is useful if you encounter issues when booting with systemd - for instance some users reported a slow boot process a while back and Im not sure if those issues were fixed because this doesnt occur on my system (in fact, the boot process takes pretty much the same with systemd and upstart on my system while the shutdown process is a lot faster with systemd).

Also, Upstart continues to control user sessions.

Applications / packages

Ubuntu 15.04 ships with GTK 3.14.12 and quite a few GNOME applications were updated to version 3.14: Nautilus (for instance, Ubuntu 14.10 has Nautilus 3.10), GNOME Terminal (Utopic has an ancient version: 3.6.2), Totem (updated from 3.10.1, which is in Utopic), Evince, Eye of GNOME, File Roller (Archive Manager) and Disks, while GNOME System Monitor was updated to version 3.15.91.

Among these, there are many apps that use client side decorations by default, but they were patched to use a traditional titlebar / menu under Unity:

Document Viewer (Evince)

Videos (Totem)

GNOME System Monitor & Disks

Gedit is still at version 3.10 (3.10.4) in this Ubuntu release and its the only GNOME app that wasnt updated to version 3.14 (I hope I didnt miss any), excluding Brasero and Empathy, which didnt have a 3.14 release and are still at version 3.12.

Vivid doesnt ship with GTK 3.16 (and 3.16 GNOME apps) because GNOME 3.16 was released recently and Ubuntu 15.04 had its feature freeze on February 19th.

Its also important to mention that GNOME Shell 3.14.4 is available in the repositories (and available by default in Ubuntu GNOME 15.04 obviously), along with the 3.14.x version of GNOME Control Center, GNOME Settings Daemon, GDM and most GNOME apps like Maps, Weather, Clocks, Bijiben, Music, Photos, Boxes as well as GNOME games like Mines and Sudoku.

Other applications installed by default in Ubuntu 15.04: Firefox, Thunderbird 31.6.0, LibreOffice 4.4.2, Rhythmbox 3.1, Ubuntu Software Center 13.10, Transmission 2.84, Deja Dup 32 and Shotwell 0.20.2 on top of Unity 7.3.2 (+dailybuild).

Its also worth mentioning that Ubuntu Make (previously called Ubuntu Developer Tools Center) is now available in the official repositories. This is a command line tool which makes it easy to install various developer tools such as Android NDK and Android Studio, various other IDEs such as IDEA (ultimate and community editions), PyCharm, WebStorm, RubyMine, PhpStorm and Eclipse, Golang compiler, Firefox developer edition, Dartlang editor and Stencyl game development platform.

The tool automatically installs all required dependencies and does everything you need to run the tools listed above, including automatically adding the IDEs to the Unity Launcher for easy access.

Under the hood, Ubuntu 15.04 uses the Ubuntu Linux Kernel 3.19.0 based on the upstream 3.19.3 Linux Kernel (see whats new in: Linux 3.18 | 3.19), Mesa 10.5.2, Xorg server 1.17.1, PulseAudio 6.0 and systemd 219.