Monday, September 25, 2017
Types of installation in Ubuntu 11 04 Natty Narwhal
Types of installation in Ubuntu 11 04 Natty Narwhal
You can use Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal) via one of three types of installtion .
1- Installing from windows using Wubi installer
if you are beginner you can use this step because its very simple just get Wubi installer Wubi is Windows software that installs Ubuntu within a series of virtual hard disk files contained in the Windows filesystem. It then configures a boot-time menu so you can choose between booting into Ubuntu or Windows. If you choose to boot into Ubuntu, a clever trick makes the virtual hard disk files appear to be real disks. As a result, the user will be entirely unaware they�re not using a traditional partition-based installation, as described previously.
Using Wubi to install Ubuntu is just like installing some Windows software, and is equally risk-free. There�s even an uninstall option added to Add/Remove Programs. The only drawback is a slight reduction in performance compared to a traditional installation, and you�ll also find the Ubuntu suspend-to-disk (hibernate) power-saving mode doesn�t work.
2-Dual-booting
If you intend to switch to Ubuntu full-time, installing Ubuntu by repartitioning your computer�s hard disk is best. This involves shrinking the existing Windows partition and creating new partitions alongside for Ubuntu. Following this, Ubuntu is installed and a menu added so you can choose between Ubuntu and Windows at boot-time. Having Ubuntu and Windows side-by-side on a PC is called dual-booting.
This sounds complex, but it�s automated via the Ubuntu installation software. However, there�s a slight risk involved when repartitioning, so it�s very wise to backup essential data first.
3-Virtual computer
By downloading a virtual computer application, such as the free-of- charge VMware Player (www.vmware.cornjproductsjpiayer), you can install Ubuntu so it runs within a program window on the Windows desktop.
A virtual computer is effectively a complete computer recreated in software. It offers an excellent way to trial Ubuntu, although the limitations of the virtual computer software mean you won�t experience Ubuntu to its full advantage (desktop visual effects won�t work, for example). Additionally, you�ll need a powerful PC with over lOB of memory for optimal results
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Saturday, September 16, 2017
TYPES OF VIRUSES
TYPES OF VIRUSES
There are several different categories of viruses and malware. Below I list and discuss some of the most common types of computer viruses.
Trojan Horse:A trojan horse program has the appearance of having a useful and desired function. While it may advertise its activity after launching, this information is not apparent to the user beforehand. Secretly the program performs other, undesired functions. A Trojan Horse neither replicates nor copies itself, but causes damage or compromises the security of the computer. A Trojan Horse must be sent by someone or carried by another program and may arrive in the form of a joke program or software of some sort. The malicious functionality of a Trojan Horse may be anything undesirable for a computer user, including data destruction or compromising a system by providing a means for another computer to gain access, thus bypassing normal access controls.
Worms:
A worm is a program that makes and facilitates the distribution of copies of itself; for example, from one disk drive to another, or by copying itself using email or another transport mechanism. The worm may do damage and compromise the security of the computer. It may arrive via exploitation of a system vulnerability or by clicking on an infected e-mail.
Bootsector Virus:
A virus which attaches itself to the first part of the hard disk that is read by the computer upon bootup. These are normally spread by floppy disks.
Macro Virus:
Macro viruses are viruses that use another applications macro programming language to distribute themselves. They infect documents such as MS Word or MS Excel and are typically spread to other similar documents.
Memory Resident Viruses:
Memory Resident Viruses reside in a computers volitale memory (RAM). They are initiated from a virus which runs on the computer and they stay in memory after its initiating program closes.
Rootkit Virus:
A rootkit virus is an undetectable virus which attempts to allow someone to gain control of a computer system. The term rootkit comes from the linux administrator root user. These viruses are usually installed by trojans and are normally disguised as operating system files.
Logic Bombs/Time Bombs:
These are viruses which are programmed to initiate at a specific date or when a specific event occurs. Some examples are a virus which deletes your photos on Halloween, or a virus which deletes a database table if a certain employee gets fired.
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Wednesday, September 13, 2017
TYPES OF HACKERS
TYPES OF HACKERS
- CODERS:-THOSE WHO REVISE THE METHODS AND CREATE TOOLS THAT ARE AVAILABLE EVERYWHERE .CODERS CAN FIND THE SECURITY HOLES AND WEAKNESS OF IN SOFTWARE TO EXPLOIT IT.
- CODERS ARE BASICALLY A PROGRAMMER WHO HAVE EXTREME PROGRAMMING SKILLS
- THEY HAVE COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT COMPUTERS AND HOW ITS WORKS
- CODERS ARE THE REAL HACKERS.....
- ADMINS:-ADMINS ARE THOSE GUYS WHO USE TOOLS AND EXPLOITS DEVELOPED BY THE CODERS.THEY DO NOT HAVE SKILLS TO DEVELOP THEIR OWN TOOLS AS CODERS DO .
- MOSTLY SECURITY CONSULTANTS ARE COME UNDER THIS CATEGORY
- ADMINS HAVE GOOD KNOWLEDGE ABOUT OPERATING SYSTEMS AND KNOW HOW TO EXPLOIT VULNERABILITIES.
- SCRIPT KIDDIES:-THOSE GUYS WHO DO NOT HAVE ANY HACKING SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE.THEY DONT KNOW WHATS GOING ON BEHIND THE SECENES. THEY USE HACKING TOOLS TO EXPLOIT SYSTEM
- THEY ARE MOSTLY TEENAGERS.
- THEY USE SCRIPT AND TOOLS DEVELOPED BY CODERS TO CARRY OUT THEIR ATTACKS.
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Saturday, August 19, 2017
Types of Windows 7
Types of Windows 7
Windows 7 was already long out, but still there are some terms and types of Windows 7 is not yet understood. For that I will describe a variety of Windows 7 on the market.
Windows 7 Based License
1. RETAIL
This version is often called FPP (Full Package Product). Sold in the form of a box of DVD isntaler Windows 7 and COA certificate (which contains the hologram sticker serial number as proof of authenticity). Serial Number Windows 7 RETAIL version can be used repeatedly (on the same computer) if the computer must be reinstalled.
2. OEM
Windows 7 OEM version is usually already installed when we bought a new computer. There also are sold in DVD format, but not with as good a box RETAIL version. There is a COA certificate and serial number as a sign of the authenticity of Windows 7. The weakness of this version is the Serial Number can only be used once.
3. MSDN (Microsoft Developer Network)
Windows 7 versbi MSDN only be sold to corporate software developers. Windows has the same content and features with the version in the market, only this version is not for sale.
4. Volume Lincense
This version is sold to companies rather than software developers. The bias is purchased in large quantities for the needs of the office computer.
Windows 7 Based Version
1. N ("N" stands for "Not with Windows Media Player")
Appear because Microsoft lost the dispersions to 2005 with the European Antitrust Commission is demanding that Windows sales are not included with Windows Media Player. Microsoft lost because they monopolize the sales of Windows with Media Player Winodws, then issued and sold only version of N specific European markets.
2. E ("E" stands for "Not with Internet Explorer 8 ")
Appear because Microsoft lost the dispersions by the year 2009 with the European Antitrust Commission is demanding that Windows sales are not included with Internet Explorer 8. Microsoft lost because they monopolize the sales of Windows with Internet Exloprer 8, then the E version was issued and sold only to European markets.
3. K and KN ("K" and "KN" stands for "Korean")
Again, Microsoft lost in the dispersions to 2006, this time Microsofts deal with the Korean Fair Trade Commission demanding that Windows sales are not included with Windows Media Player and Windows Messenger. Microsoft considered to have monopolized sales of Windows and the 2 software, then issued Version K and KN are only sold in Korea.
For other countries it is still using the standard version.
Windows 7 Based Edition
1. Starter
Targeted for the entire world, usually already installed when I purchased a new computer. Key features for this version is the Taskbar, Jump lists, Windows Media Player, Backup & Restore, Action Center, Device Stage, Play to, Scan and Fax your simple game.
The weakness of this version is no Aero glass, various modifications desktop features, touch windows, media center, live thumbnail previews, home group creation, there is no multi language, 2 GB maximum RAM and 64bit versions are not available.
When using the Starter version that users can not replace a desktop bacground. Users also can only run 3 programs at once, but this limitation has been removed and replaced with a maximum of 2 GB of RAM.
2. Home Basic
This version is targeted to specific regions such as Indonesia. The main feature of this version is the Multiple monitors, fast user switching (switch user), desktop wallpaper, desktop windows manager, network printing, Internet connection sharing, some windows aero.
The weakness of this version is not able to create new Homegroup, not included DVD decoder (MPEG-2 and Dolby Digital), without multi-touch, premium games, Windows Media Center, there is no Multi-language, support the Windows Aero is not full.
3. Home Premium
Targeted to users around the world. The main feature of this version is the Aero Glass, Aero Background, Windows Touch, Making Home a new group, the Media Center, DVD playback and manufacture, premium games and Mobility Center.
The weakness of this version is not able to join the Domain, Remote Desktop host, backup from the network, the Encryption File System, Offline Folders.
4. Proffesional
Designed for the expert in the field of IT. The main feature of this version is Windows XP Mode, Domain Join, Remote desktop host, location-aware printing, mobility center, presentation mode, the offline folders.
The weakness of this version is the lack of BitLocker, BitLocker Togo, AppLocker, Direct Access, Branche Cache, MUI Language Pack, booting from VHD.
Advantages of the Professional version is similar to the Ultimate version, the outline only BitLocker functionality is removed.
5. Enterprise
This version is designed for the pembisnis or a company with a Volume License. The main feature of this version is BitLocker, BitLocker To Go, AppLocker, Direct Access, Branche Cache, MUI language packs, boot from VHD.
6. Ultimate
Designed for computer users who want all the features of Windows 7. This version has all features from previous versions, you could say Windows 7 Ultimate version is the most complete version.
Windows 7 Based Processor Architecture
There are 2 kinds of Windows 7 based processor, which is 32 Bit and 64 Bit. For Windows 7 32 Bit can only use a maximum of 4GB of RAM, while the 64 Bit versions can use the RAM with a size larger.
Based Versions of Windows 7 Release
1. Pre-Alpha
The first version came out and many features are not yet available / bugs.
2. Alpha
Improved versions of the Pre-Alpha version and tested by the tester ato developers but not to be tested by end-users.
3. Beta
Alpha version that has passed testing and has many improvements from version Alpha. This version can be tested by the tester ato developers and also by end-users.
4. RC (Release Candidate)
Is the final version after experiencing a lot of improvements and many tested by the testers, developers and end-users.
5. RTM (Release to Manufacturing or Release to Marketing)
Version that has been qualified end of a software and ready to be marketed widely to the end-user. The most perfect version of the previous versions.
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